Showing posts with label mathematical puzzles. Show all posts

Friday, February 27, 2015

Snake

No comments :
How are we to seat them within our only 8 remaining spaces?" frowned the manager of the theatre. Everyone was well aware of the problems of these eight people. They came as a group, but each person loathed one or two of the other people and could not stand to be near them.
The assistant manager gestured to the plan of seats remaining. "I have made eight counters to represent each of the people in this group. I have numbered them logically. Person 1 and 8 only hate 2 and 7 respectively. All the others hate the numbers on either side of them." He rubbed his chin in thought, "the only problem is how can we arrange them so that no-one is right next to anyone they hate?"

Place the counters 1 to 8 in the grey squares above such that no two consecutive counters are adjacent to one another horizontally, vertically nor diagonally.

Snake Puzzle Solution

Counters 1 and 8 need to be in the middle since they each have only one number that they cannot be neighbours with. Hence 7 and 2 must go in the sidewings, and the rest is trivial.

3 5
7 1 8 2
4 6

Saturday, February 7, 2015

Southern Cross

No comments :
There is a missing number in the table below.
4 5 6 7 8 9
61 52 63 94 46

What number goes in the blank box?

Southern Cross Puzzle Solution

The missing number is 18. The numbers in the bottom row are the square of the numbers in the top row, but with their digits reversed.
4 5 6 7 8 9
61 52 63 94 46 18

Wednesday, January 28, 2015

Canopus

No comments :
There is a number made of eleven tens of thousands, eleven thousands, eleven hundreds, and eleven units?

What is that number?

Canopus Puzzle Solution

A nice and simple sum does the trick.…
110,000 +
11,000 +
1,100 +
11 =
__________
122,111

Monday, December 29, 2014

100

No comments :
Find at least four ways of writing the number 100, each time using only one digit repeated five times.
For example: (999 / 9) - 9 = 102 (but you must get 100, not 102!!!)

Good luck!

100 Puzzle Solution

  • 111 - 11 = 100
  • (3 * 33) + (3 / 3) = 100
  • (5 * 5 * 5) - (5 * 5) = 100
  • (5 + 5 + 5 + 5) * 5 = 100
  • (11 - 1) ^ ( 1 + 1) = 100 [Thanks to Steven Renich for that one!]
  • ((2 * 2 * 2) + 2) ^ 2 = 100 [Thanks to David Cohen for this other one!]
  • ((99 * 9) + 9) / 9 = 100 [Thanks to Taylor Lowry for this other one!]
  • ((22 - 2) / 2) ^ 2 = 100 [Thanks to Karen D. Miller for this other one!]
  • 6! / 6 - 6! / (6 * 6) = 100 [Thanks to Karen D. Miller for this other one!]
  • 5! - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 = 100 [Thanks to Karen D. Miller for this other one!]
  • 5! - (5 + 5 + 5 + 5) = 100 [Thanks to Jim St. Clair for this other one!]
  • 5 * 5 * (5 - 5 / 5) = 100 [Thanks to Rishi Mohan Sanwal for this one!]
  • 4! + 4! + 4! + 4! + 4 = 100 [Thanks Karen D. Miller and Saurabh Gupta!]
  • 99 + 9 ^ (9 - 9) = 100 [Thanks Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy for this one!]
  • 5! - 5 * (5 - 5 / 5) = 100 [Thanks Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy for it!]
  • (4! + 4 ^ (4 - 4)) * 4 = 100 [Thanks Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy for it!]
  • 4! * 4 + 4 - 4 + 4 = 100 [Thanks Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy for it!]
  • (4! * 4) + (4 * 4 / 4) = 100 [Thanks Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy for it!]
  • 5 * 5 * (5 - (5 - 5)!) = 100 [Thanks Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy for it!]
  • ((9 - 9) */ 9)! + 99 = 0! + 99 = 1 + 99 = 100 [Thanks to Bala Neerumalla!]
  • (3 - 3)! + 33 * 3 = 100 [Thanks Bala Neerumalla for this other one!]
  • (5 + 5) ^ ((5 + 5) / 5) = 100 [Thanks Bala Neerumalla for this one!]
  • ((2 ^ 2) * 2 + 2) ^ 2 = 100 [Thanks Bala Neerumalla for this one!]
  • (4! + ((4 - 4) */ 4)!) * 4 = 100 [Thanks Bala Neerumalla for this one!]
Forum member Bealzbob reminds us that, whenever we have a subtraction like A - B, we can rewrite it as an addition with a negative number, like A + (-B). In the case of the first solution, 111 - 11 = 111 + (-11).

Glen Parnell points out that, in any solution in which the digit 2 is used, it could be replaced by 2!, whenever the 2 is not only a digit but also a number, as 2 = 2! (but of course, 22 is not equal to 22!).
Bala Neerumalla has suggested some alternative solutions using trigonometric functions Sin() and Cos():
  • Sin(99 - 9) + 99 = Sin(90) + 99 = 1 + 99 = 100
  • Cos((9 - 9) */ 9) + 99 = Cos(0) + 99 = 1 + 99 = 100
  • Cos(3 - 3) + 33 * 3 = 100
  • (4! + (Sin(4-4)*4)!)*4 = 100
Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy has intelligently played around with cubic root functions. If we were to represent this function with a name like, say, CR(), the following alternative solutions could be achieved:
  • 88 + 8 + CR(8) + CR(8) = 100
  • (8 + CR(8)) ^ (CR(8) * (8 / 8)) = 100
  • ((CR(8) * CR(8) * CR(8)) + CR(8)) ^ CR(8) = 100
  • ((8 * (8 / 8)) + CR(8)) ^ CR(8) = 100
However! If the cubic root function is represented as it should be, ie ³Ö, then there is the extra "3" which invalidates the solution. These alternative solutions using CR(), have therefore been given as possible examples that will not be accepted in the future. Unless, of course, the "3" in ³Ö is actually one of the five digits used in a solution. Same goes with any other root or power. This also applies to any usage of the symbol "%", as it really involves the number 100.
Bala Neerumalla smartly noticed that he can produce number 100 by using a different number base than the normal base 10 (b10). The following example is in base 5 (b5):
  • 444 - 44 = (4 * 5^2 + 4 * 5^1 + 4 * 5^0) - (4 * 5^1 + 4 * 5^0) = 100
However! The above equation mixes up two different number bases: the left hand side is b5, while the right hand side is b10 (100 b5 is equal to 25 b10). This is the reason why we will not be posting anymore solutions that mix different number bases. We will, however, accept solutions that use number bases different from 10, as long as they are consistent on both sides of the equation. Therefore, we will accept:
  • 111 - 11 = 100 [Wolfgang Solfrank pointed out that this works in any number base, thanks!]
Here are some more examples of equations using different number bases:
  • b16 4 ^ 4 +- 4 * (4 - 4) = 100 [Thanks to Glen Parnell for this one!]
  • b16 (2 * 2 * 2 * 2) ^ 2 = 100 [Thanks to Glen Parnell for this one!]
  • b8 4 * 4 * 4 +- (4 - 4) = 100 [Thanks to Glen Parnell for this one!]
  • b8 (4 ^ 4) / 4 +- (4 - 4) = 100 [Thanks to Glen Parnell for this one!]
  • b8 4 * 4 * 4 * (4 / 4) = 100 [Thanks to Glen Parnell for this one!]
  • b8 (2 ^ (2 * 2)) * 2 * 2 = 100 [Thanks to Glen Parnell for this one!]
  • b2 11 - 1 + 1 + 1 = 100 [Thanks to Glen Parnell for this one!]
Furthermore, Glen Parnell noticed that there exists a general rule that applies to equations using any number base:
  • bX+1 ((X - X) */ X)! + XX = 100
Here are some examples of it:
  • b16 ((F - F) */ F)! + FF = 100
  • b12 ((B - B) */ B)! + BB = 100
  • b10 ((9 - 9) */ 9)! + 99 = 100 [As already shown by Bala Neerumalla]
  • b8 ((7 - 7) */ 7)! + 77 = 100
  • b4 ((3 - 3) */ 3)! + 33 = 100
  • b2 ((1 - 1) */ 1)! + 11 = 100
Jeff Shall cleverly discovered that he can produce 100 using the Roman numeral 'L', which corresponds to number 50:

  • ((L / L) + (L / L)) * L = ((50 / 50) + (50 / 50)) * 50 = 100
Unashamedly based on the above solution by Jeff Shall, we found that we can also use the Roman numeral 'C', which corresponds to number 100:

  • (C / C) * (C / C) * C = (100 / 100) * (100 / 100) * 100 = 100
  • (C / C) - (C / C) + C = (100 / 100) - (100 / 100) + 100 = 100
  • CCC - CC = 300 - 200 = 100
  • CC - CC + C = 200 - 200 + 100 = 100
Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy has discovered a lot of new combinations with Roman numerals, including numeral 'X', which is number 10:

  • (L + L) * L ^ (L - L) = (50 + 50) * 50 ^ (50 - 50) = 100
  • (L + L) / L ^ (L - L) = (50 + 50) / 50 ^ (50 - 50) = 100
  • XX * X - X * X = 20 * 10 - 10 * 10 = 100
  • (X + (X / X)) * X - X = (10 + (10 / 10)) * 10 - 10= 100
  • X * X * (X ^ (X - X)) = 10 * 10 * (10 ^ (10 - 10) = 100
  • X * X / (X ^ (X - X)) = 10 * 10 / (10 ^ (10 - 10) = 100
  • C * C * C / C * C = 100 * 100 * 100 / 100 * 100 = 100
  • (C - C) + (C - C) + C = (100 - 100) + (100 - 100) + 100 = 100
  • L * (L - L) + L + L = 50 * (50 - 50) + 50 + 50 = 100
  • C * (CC / C) - C = 100 * (200 / 100) - 100 = 100
  • C * (C / C) + (C - C) = 100 * (100 / 100) + (100 - 100) = 100
Gopalakrishnan Thirumurthy has also noticed that all the solutions involving five times the number 5, could be rewritten by substituting it with Roman numeral 'V'. This is also true if, instead of number 5 and numeral 'V', we were talking about number 1 and Roman numeral 'I'.
Now, how about some solution using Roman numerals 'D' (500), or 'M' (1000)? If you find any alternative solutions, get in touch with us by email!

Easy!

Tuesday, November 4, 2014

A Thinking Man

No comments :
Professor Percent was a maths lecturer with an interest for new ways to express mathematical expressions. The traditional symbols (+, -, *, /, etc) were not enough anymore, to convey his superior numeric operations, so he had to invent new symbols, and only a superior brain would be able to understand the need for his new symbols.

The first symbol he invented was §; between two numbers, it meant that, if the first number was greater than the second, then the second should be subtracted from the first one; otherwise the two numbers should be added. Therefore 5 § 2 = 3, while 2 § 5 = 7.

The poor people that had to put up with this were, of course, his students. In the last test they were faced with:

5 ¿ 2 = 27
6 ¿ 3 = 27
8 ¿ 4 = 36

and also with:
5 ¤ 2 = 15
6 ¤ 4 = 12
3 ¤ 8 = 40

What are the meanings of the symbols ¿ and ¤?

 

Notes:
There are at least 3 different solutions for ¿.

A Thinking Man Puzzle Solution

The symbol ¿ means the difference between the number made up of the all digits of the operation, and the mirror of this last number. i.e,
5 ¿ 2 = 52 - 25 = 27
6 ¿ 3 = 63 - 36 = 27
8 ¿ 4 = 84 - 48 = 36

An alternative solution for this symbol (submitted by Alfa Chan... many thanks!) is simply the difference between the two numbers multiplied by 9. i.e,
5 ¿ 2 = (5 - 2) × 9 = 27
6 ¿ 3 = (6 - 3) × 9 = 27
8 ¿ 4 = (8 - 4) × 9 = 36

Another alternative solution submitted by Mickey Kawick... thanks!! We have x ¿ y; If x is odd, then the result is 5x + y, otherwise it's 5x - y. i.e,
5 ¿ 2 = 5 × 5 + 2 = 27 (5 is odd, so we add the 2)
6 ¿ 3 = 6 × 5 - 3 = 27 (6 is even, so we subtract the 3)
8 ¿ 4 = 8 × 5 - 4 = 36 (8 is even, so we subtract the 4)

The symbol ¤ means the difference between the two numbers multiplied by the larger of the two numbers. i.e,
5 ¤ 2 = (5 - 2) * 5 = 3 * 5 = 15
6 ¤ 4 = (6 - 4) * 6 = 2 * 6 = 12
3 ¤ 8 = (8 - 3) * 8 = 5 * 8 = 40

An alternative solution for this symbol, as submitted by Jeff Schall (many thanks!), is the difference between the square of the bigger of the two numbers and their product. i.e,
5 ¤ 2 = (5 ^ 2) - (5 * 2) = 25 - 10 = 15
6 ¤ 4 = (6 ^ 2) - (6 * 4) = 36 - 24 = 12
3 ¤ 8 = (8 ^ 2) - (3 * 8) = 64 - 24 = 40